Semiconductor photoelectroanalysis and photobioelectroanalysis: A perspective

Electrochemical sensor signal output, when recorded as a current, is primarily related to the target analyte concentration, but often also additional experimental or control parameters. When employing photo-active semiconductor electrodes, light intensity offers an parameter for sensors and opportunities new reaction/detection amplification pathways. Light stimulation can (i) excite charge carriers directly interact with analyte, (ii) via receptor, (iii) provide excited state solution intermediates generate secondary molecules, (iv) consume give negative photoelectrochemical signal, (v) be used modify amplify response. activated have been reported multiplexed arrays. In this perspective, recent developments in sensing methods based on materials are summarised directions highlighted.